| Last name | Literal meaning | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Salman | Solomon | [Arabic] |
| Sándor | Alexander | [shandor] Hungarian version of the name. |
| Sarkozy | mid-mud | sar (pron. shar) - mud, köz - between, among, common to (Hungarian) |
| Schlesinger | Silesian | (German) |
| Schumacher | shoemaker | (German) |
| Schwartzkopf | black head | (German) |
| Skander | Alexander | [skender] (Albanian) |
| Sliwa, Szilva, Šljivo, Šljivić | plum | (Polish, Hungarian, Bosnian/Croatian, South Slavic) |
| Slobodan | free | (Serbian and other ex-Yu languages) This is a straight adjective, in masculine gender. Free as in not enslaved, not as in beer. Name quite popular immediately after WWII. The feminine pair, Slobodanka, is a noun. |
| Soros | serial, orderly | sor [shor] - row, order; soros [shorosh] - orderly, lined up, in order (Hungarian) |
| Stefan, Stevan | Stephen | [Serbian] |
| Stipe, Stipica | Stephen | [Dalmatian] |
| Strauss | ostrich | (German) |
| Szabo | taylor | [soboe] (Hungarian) |